General Clinical Chemistry Analyzers and Accessories
AdipoGen R-BAIBA
Chemical. CAS 2140-95-6. Formula C4H9NO2. MW 103.12. Synthetic Beta-Aminoisobutyric acid is a non-protein amino acid originating from the catabolism of thymine and valine. beta-Aminoisobutyric acid occurs in two isomeric forms and both enantiomers of beta-Aminoisobutyric acid can be detected in human urine and plasma. In plasma, the S-enantiomer is the predominant type due to active renal reabsorption. In contrast, urine almost exclusively contains the R-enantiomer of beta-Aminoisobutyric acid, which is eliminated both by filtration and tubular secretion. The S-enantiomer of beta-Aminoisobutyric acid is predominantly derived from the catabolism of valine, the R-enantiomer is the product of the catabolism of the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine by the enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase DPD, in what constitutes the first step of the pyrimidine degradation pathway.
AdipoGen S-BAIBA
Chemical. CAS 4249-19-8. Formula C4H9NO2. MW 103.12. Synthetic Beta-Aminoisobutyric acid is a non-protein amino acid originating from the catabolism of thymine and valine. beta-Aminoisobutyric acid occurs in two isomeric forms and both enantiomers of beta-Aminoisobutyric acid can be detected in human urine and plasma. In plasma, the S-enantiomer is the predominant type due to active renal reabsorption. In contrast, urine almost exclusively contains the R-enantiomer of beta-Aminoisobutyric acid, which is eliminated both by filtration and tubular secretion. The S-enantiomer of beta-Aminoisobutyric acid is predominantly derived from the catabolism of valine, the R-enantiomer is the product of the catabolism of the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine by the enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase DPD, in what constitutes the first step of the pyrimidine degradation pathway.
AdipoGen Bumetanide
Chemical. CAS 28395-03-1. Formula C17H20N2O5S. MW 364.4. Bumetanide is a loop diuretic that is clinically used to treat congestive heart failure. Bumetanide also exhibits anxiolytic, neuroprotective and anti-epileptic/anticonvulsant activities. Bumetanide induces hyperpolarization in kidney cells, increasing whole-cell conductance and intracellular Ca2 levels. Bumetanide acts by antagonizing Na/K/2Cl- symporter 1 NKCC1, K/Ca2 co-transporter 2 KCC2 and NKCC2, decreasing fluid secretion and Na/K transport. While NKCC1 is expressed both in the CNS and in systemic organs, NKCC2 is kidney-specific. Bumetanide is a potent and specific inhibitor of Na-K-2Cl cotransporter 1 NKCC1 IC50 = 0.68µM. It is selective for NKCC1 over NKCC2 IC50 = 4µM. It is also an agonist of G protein-coupled receptor 35 GPR35 EC50 = 10µM and can inhibit carbonic anhydrases IX and XII.
AdipoGen Chloroquine diphosphate
Chemical. CAS 50-63-5. Formula C18H26ClN3 . 2H3PO4. MW 319.9 . 196.0. Chloroquine is a commonly used antimalarial drug, more toxic than its derivative hydroxychloroquine Prod. No. AG-CR1-3720. Chloroquine has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, anti-infective, antiviral, antithrombotic and metabolic effects. It has anticancer properties, related to their strong antiproliferative, antimutagenic, epigenetic and autophagy inhibiting and apoptosis inducing activities. Chloroquine is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and Sjögrens syndrome. Chloroquine interfers with lysosomal activity and autophagy, interacts with membrane stability and alters signaling pathways and transcriptional activity, which can result in inhibition of cytokine production and modulation of certain co-stimulatory molecules.
AdipoGen Enoxacin
Chemical. CAS 74011-58-8. Formula C15H17FN4O3. MW 320.3. Enoxacin is a cell permeable fluoroquinolone broad-spectrum antibacteral agent. It is active against clinical isolates of a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Fluoroquinolones are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit DNA synthesis. They prevent unwinding of double-stranded DNA by binding DNA gyrase or DNA topoisomerase IV, prevent the formation of single-stranded DNA and inhibit bacterial replication. Enoxacin is used to treat urinary tract infections and gonorrhea. Osteoclastogenesis inhibitor. Shown to decrease RANKL-induced JNK signaling and inhibiting osteoclast formation. Additionally, Enoxacin inhibits vacuolar H ATPase activity, preventing bone resorption. Enoxacin is a unique small molecule enhancer of microRNA SMER maturation. MicroRNAs miRNAs are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and are critical for many cellular pathways.
AdipoGen MSA-2
Chemical. CAS 129425-81-6. Formula C14H14O5S. MW 294.3. MSA-2 is a new orally available non-nucleotide STING STimulator of INterferon Genes agonist, with EC50s of 8.3 and 24µM for human STING isoforms WT and HAQ. Activation of the STING protein by its natural ligand, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate cGAMP, a cytosolic double-stranded DNA sensor, triggers signaling responses, inducing the release of type I interferons and other proinflammatory cytokines. STING-controlled interferon production is involved in antiviral defense as well as antitumor immunity. Pharmacological activation of STING is considered a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer. MSA-2 highly induces secretion in vitro of IFN-beta from THP-1 cells and mouse macrophages at concentration of 10-50µM.
AdipoGen Ruxolitinib free base
Chemical. CAS 941678-49-5. Formula C17H18N6. MW 306.4. Antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating agent. Orally bioavailable potent ATP mimetic that inhibits both JAK1 and JAK2 with IC50 values of 2.7 and 4.5nM, respectively and is less selective for JAK3 IC50=322nM. Affects DC differentiation and function, leading to impaired T cell activation. Used in the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms and psoriasis. Anticancer agent. Shown to induce apoptosis and autophagy. Potent and selective inhibitor of HIV-1 replication and virus reactivation in vitro.
AdipoGen L-NMMA monoacetate
Chemical. CAS 53308-83-1. Formula C7H16N4O2 . CH3COOH. MW 188.2 . 60.1. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor inhibitor. Inhibits the generation of NO from arginine. Competitive, irreversible non-selective inhibitor of all three NOS I, II, and III isoforms eNOS, iNOS and nNOS. Inhibits the synthesis of nitric oxide NO in a dose-dependent and enantiospecific fashion. Useful tool to study the role and the effects of NO in cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disorders, hypertension, diabetes, septic shock, inflammation, infection, stroke and neurodegenerative disorders.
AdipoGen Dapansutrile
Chemical. CAS 54863-37-5. Formula C4H7NO2S. MW 133.2. Dapansutrile is a potent, selective and orally active inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome. It directly binds to the ATP-binding motif of NLRP3 NACHT domain and inhibits NLRP3 adenosine triphosphatase ATPase activity, resulting in the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly interaction between NLRP3, Asc and caspase-1 and activation. Dapansutrile is an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting the release of inflammatory signals such as IL-1β and IL-18. However, it does not impact the mRNA levels of the NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 genes. In vitro, nanomolar concentrations of Dapansutrile reduce IL-1β and IL-18 release following canonical and noncanonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Dapansutrile is selective for NLRP3 over NLRP4 and AIM2 inflammasomes at concentrations up to 100 μM. Known other targets of dapansutrile include several phosphorylated kinases such as Src, Fyn, HcK, and STAT3.
AdipoGen Dapansutrile
Chemical. CAS 54863-37-5. Formula C4H7NO2S. MW 133.2. Dapansutrile is a potent, selective and orally active inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome. It directly binds to the ATP-binding motif of NLRP3 NACHT domain and inhibits NLRP3 adenosine triphosphatase ATPase activity, resulting in the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly interaction between NLRP3, Asc and caspase-1 and activation. Dapansutrile is an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting the release of inflammatory signals such as IL-1β and IL-18. However, it does not impact the mRNA levels of the NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 genes. In vitro, nanomolar concentrations of Dapansutrile reduce IL-1β and IL-18 release following canonical and noncanonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Dapansutrile is selective for NLRP3 over NLRP4 and AIM2 inflammasomes at concentrations up to 100 μM. Known other targets of dapansutrile include several phosphorylated kinases such as Src, Fyn, HcK, and STAT3.
AdipoGen Sibiriline
Chemical. CAS 1346526-26-8. Formula C13H10N2O. MW 210.2. Specific competitive RIPK1 inhibitor in vitro IC50=1.03µM. Binds to human RIPK1 adenosine triphosphate-binding site and locks it in an inactive conformation to block necroptosis. Necroptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases including ischemic reperfusion injury, acute pancreatitis, sepsis, neurodegeneration, viral infection and liver diseases. Inhibits both TNF-induced RIPK1-dependent necroptosis and RIPK1-dependent apoptosis in FADD-deficient Jurkat cells EC50=1.2µM. Does not block caspase-dependent apoptosis induced by TRAIL, FasL or staurosporine. Protects mice from concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in vivo.
AdipoGen Antipain dihydrochloride
Chemical. CAS 37682-72-7. Formula C27H44N10O6 . 2HCl. MW 604.7 . 72.9. Synthetic. Potent reversible inhibitor of serine/cysteine proteases and some trypsin-like proteases. Inhibits papain, trypsin and trypsin-like serine proteases as well as cathepsin A, B and D. Similar activity spectrum comparable to leupeptin AG-CP3-7000. Acts by forming a hemiacetal adduct between its aldehyde group and the active serine of the proteinase. Inhibits transformation of NIH3T3 cells after transfection with an activated H-ras oncogene. Used to evaluate the role of proteases in the process of malignant cell transformations. Shows antibacterial and antiparasitic activity.
AdipoGen Epoxidized linseed oil
Chemical. CAS 8016-11-3. Synthetic. Useful for the determination of ELO in foods with HPLC-MS or GC-MS. ELO is currently employed as plasticizer and HCl scavenger in PVC products. Vegetable oils are widely used for chemical manipulation because of the high numbers of carbon-carbon double bonds. Through the epoxidation, an epoxide group which is a more reactive group than a double bond is added to the soybean oil, transforming it in a good hydrochloric acid scavenger and good plasticizer. It is also used as a reactive chemical intermediate due to its high oxirane content.
AdipoGen Diclofop-methyl
Chemical. CAS 51338-27-3. Formula C16H14Cl2O4. MW 341.19. Diclofop-methyl is an early post-emergence phenoxypropanoic acid herbicide. Its mode of action involves inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase ACCase activity, which in turn decreases fatty acid synthesis in weeds and inhibits photosynthesis and the activity of meristem. Can be used as a reference compound.
AdipoGen Ohira-Bestmann Reagent
Chemical. CAS 90965-06-3. Formula C5H9N2O4P. MW 192.11. Synthetic. Used in the Seyferth-Gilbert homologation which is a chemical reaction of an aryl ketone or aldehyde with dimethyl- or diazomethyl-phosphonate and potassium tert-butoxide to give substituted alkynes.